Learning+Objectives


 * Science Standards for NEIU~NASA Endeavour Program || || || || ||
 * Pennsylvania Academic Standards for Grade 7 || [|5467|&stateboard_edNav=|3318|&k12Nav=|1146||Link to PA Academic Standards] ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Pennsylvania Assessment Anchor Content for Grade 8 || Link to PA Science Assessment Anchors ||  ||   ||   ||
 * ||  ||   ||   || PA Academic Standards  || PA Academic Standards  ||
 * **Reporting Category** || **Subcategory** || **Pennsylvania Assessment Anchor** || **Eligible Content** || **Science and Technology** || ** Environment and Ecology ** ||
 * A - The Nature of Science || A.1 Reasoning and Analysis || **S8.A.1 1** Explain, interpret and apply scientific, || **S8.A.1.1.1** Distinguish between a scientific theory || 3.2.7.A, 3.2.7.B || ||
 * || || environmental, or technological || and an opinion, explaining how a || || ||
 * || || knowledge presented in a variety of || theory is supported with evidence, or || || ||
 * || || formats (e.g., visuals, scenarios, || how new data/ information may || || ||
 * || || graphs). || change existing theories and practice. || || ||
 * || || || **S8.A.1.1.2** Explain how certain questions can be || || ||
 * || || || answered through scientific inquiry || || ||
 * || || || and/or technological design. || || ||
 * || || || **S8.A.1.1.3** Use evidence, such as observations || || ||
 * || || || or experimental results, to support || || ||
 * || || || inferences about a relationship. || || ||
 * || || || **S8.A.1.1.4** Develop descriptions, explanations, || || ||
 * || || || predictions, and models using evidence || || ||
 * A - The Nature of Science || A.1 Reasoning and Analysis || **S8.A.1.2** Identify and explain the impacts of || **S8.A.1.2.1** Describe the positive and negative, || 3.2.7.C, 3.8.7.A, 3.8.7.B || 4.3.7.A ||
 * || || applying scientific, environmental, or || intended and unintended, effects of || || ||
 * || || technological knowledge to address || specific scientific results or || || ||
 * || || solution to practical problems. || technological developments.(e.g., || || ||
 * || || || air/space travel, genetic engineering, || || ||
 * || || || nuclear fission/fusion, artificial || || ||
 * || || || intelligence, lasers, organ transplants) || || ||
 * || || || **S8.A.1.2.2** Identify environmental issues and || || ||
 * || || || explain their potential long-term || || ||
 * || || || health effects (e.g., pollution, pest || || ||
 * || || || controls, vaccinations). || || ||
 * A - The Nature of Science || A.1 Reasoning and Analysis || **S8.A.1.3** Identify evidence that certain variables || **S8.A.1.3.3** Examine systems changing over time, || 3.1.7.E || 4.7.7.C, 4.8.7.C ||
 * || || may have caused measurable changes || identifying the possible variables || || ||
 * || || in natural or human-made systems. || causing this change, and drawing || || ||
 * || || || inferences about how these variables || || ||
 * || || || affect this change. || || ||
 * A - The Nature of Science || A.2 Processes, Procedures and Tools of Scientific Investigations || **S8.A.2.1** Apply knowledge of scientific || **S8.A.2.1.4** Interpret data/observations; develop || 3.2.7.B, 3.1.7.C, 3.1.7.D || ||
 * || || investigation or technological design in || relationships among variables based || || ||
 * || || different contexts to make inferences to || on data/observations to design || || ||
 * || || solve problems. || models as solutions. || || ||
 * || || || **S8.A.2.1.5** Use evidence from investigations to || || ||
 * || || || clearly communicate and support || || ||
 * || || || conclusions. || || ||
 * A - The Nature of Science || A.2 Processes, Procedures and Tools of Scientific Investigations || **S8.A.2.2** Apply appropriate instruments for a || **S8.A.2.2.3** Describe ways technology extends || 3.3.7.A, 3.7.7.B, 3.1.7.D || ||
 * || || specific purpose and describe the || and enhances human abilities for || || ||
 * || || information the instrument can provide. || specific purposes (e.g., microscope, || || ||
 * || || || telescope, micrometer, hydraulics, || || ||
 * || || || barometer). || || ||
 * A - The Nature of Science || A.3 Systems, Models and Patterns || **S8.A.3.2** Apply knowledge of models to make || **S8.A.3.2.2** Describe how engineers use models || 3.1.7.B, 3.2.7.B || 4.1.7.B ||
 * || || predictions, draw inferences, or explain || to develop new and improved || || ||
 * || || technological concepts. || technologies to solve problems. || || ||
 * A - The Nature of Science || A.3 Systems, Models and Patterns || **S8.A.3.3** Describe repeated processes or || **S8.A.3.3** Describe repeated processes or || 3.1.7.C, 3.2.7.B || ||
 * || || recurring elements in scientific and || recurring elements in scientific and || || ||
 * || || technological patterns. || technological patterns. || || ||
 * C - Physical Science || C.2 Forms, Sources, Conversion, and Transfer of Energy || **S8.C.2.1** Describe energy sources, transfer of || **S8.C.2.1.1** Distinguish among forms of energy || 3.4.7.B || 4.2.7.B ||
 * || || energy, or conversion of energy. || (e.g., electrical, mechanical, chemical, || || ||
 * || || || heat, light, sound, nuclear) and || || ||
 * || || || sources of energy (i.e., renewable || || ||
 * || || || and nonrenewable energy) || || ||
 * || || || **S8.C.2.1.2** Explain how heat is transferred from || || ||
 * || || || one place to another through || || ||
 * || || || convection, conduction, or radiation. || || ||
 * || || || **S8.C.2.1.3** Describe how one form of energy || || ||
 * || || S8.C.2.2 Compare the environmental impact of || **S8.C.2.2.1** Describe the sun as a major source of || 3.4.7.B || 4.2.7.B ||
 * || || different energy sources chosen to || energy that impacts on the || || ||
 * || || support human endeavors. || environment. || || ||
 * || || || **S8.C.2.2.2** Compare the time spans of || || ||
 * || || || renewability for fossil fuels and || || ||
 * || || || alternative fuels. || || ||
 * || || || **S8.C.2.2.3** Describe the waste (quantity, kind, || || ||
 * || || || and potential to cause environmental || || ||
 * || || || impacts) derived from the use of || || ||
 * || || || renewable and nonrenewable energy || || ||
 * || || || sources and their potential impact on || || ||
 * || || || the environment. || || ||
 * C - Physical Science |||| C.3 Principals of Motion and Force || **S8.C.3.1.1** Describe forces acting on objects || 3.4.7.C, 3.6.7.C || ||
 * || || || (e.g., friction, gravity, balanced versus || || ||
 * || || || unbalanced, inertia, momentum). ||  ||   ||
 * || || || **S8.C.2.2.3** Describe the waste (quantity, kind, || || ||
 * || || || and potential to cause environmental || || ||
 * || || || impacts) derived from the use of || || ||
 * || || || renewable and nonrenewable energy || || ||
 * || || || sources and their potential impact on || || ||
 * || || || the environment. || || ||
 * C - Physical Science |||| C.3 Principals of Motion and Force || **S8.C.3.1.1** Describe forces acting on objects || 3.4.7.C, 3.6.7.C || ||
 * || || || (e.g., friction, gravity, balanced versus || || ||
 * || || || unbalanced, inertia, momentum). ||  ||   ||
 * || || || unbalanced, inertia, momentum). ||  ||   ||